学生校外工作和培训

Maybe you’ve seen an advertisement looking for a tuba player or Spanish-language translator, you’ve been offered a management internship with a start-up company, or perhaps you want to build your resume by working at a firm or conducting research at another university’s lab. 在接受校外实习、工作或任何服务付款之前，您需要确定您的F-1或J-1移民身份允许您开始。

请记住，国际学生在美国的校外工作许可是相当有限的，某些就业许可的申请通常需要几个月的时间才能获得批准，而且你必须始终拥有有效的就业许可才能开始工作。

在你的专业领域进行培训

最常见的学生工作许可类型是与专业相关的培训：

• F-1 student 课程实践训练（CPT）: for an internship or placement that is a necessary part of your academic program
• F-1 student 选择性实习训练（OPT）: to gain practical experience in your major field of study, not required by your academic program
• F-1 student STEM扩展OPT: an extension of Optional Practical Training, available only if your major field is on a designated list of specialized majors in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) and if you are training at a qualified employer
• J-1 student 学术训练（AT）: to gain practical experience in your major field of study

其他的权限

经济困难

• F-1 and J-1 Student 严重的经济困难: If you have experienced unexpected economic difficulties due to circumstances beyond your control, you may qualify for off-campus work permission to help you continue to meet the expenses of your academic program.

与国际组织合作

• F-1 student 与国际组织合作 recognized under the 国际组织豁免法. 如果你在指定的国际组织获得实习或就业机会，你也可能有资格申请该组织的工作许可。