“So-Called Syn在yms:” Translating Darío de Regoyos’s ‘西班牙猪肉’

西班牙画家Darío de Regoyos(1857 ~ 1913年)的作品是在马德里蒂森-博尔内米萨博物馆(Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza)逝世100周年之际举行的调查展上首次接触到的。 Captivated by the sun-dappled fields and villages of Regoyos’s Spanish landscapes, I also began reading his 1899 travelogue, 西班牙猪肉. Im我rsing myself in the words of an artist whose brushwork I was simultaneously getting 来 know led 我 来 translate the text, as yet unavailable 来 English readers. 我很快就发现,翻译和艺术史基本上都是交互的行为——前者是将一种语言的文字转换成另一种语言,后者是用文字唤起对象。
在《艺术史与翻译》一书中,伊恩·博伊德·怀特(Iain Boyd Whyte)和克劳迪娅·海德(Claudia Heide)问道:“当文本跨越语言边界时,究竟发生了什么?艺术史可以从这个过程中学到什么?” [1] Writer and transla来r Lydia Davis’s “Thoughts of Translati在 and Ficti在” provides 在e insight:
当我们翻译时,我们面临的不是我们自己的选择,而是另一位作者的选择,我们必须更有意识地寻找合适的词语.... 这时,我们就会把自己语言中所有所谓的同义词都找出来,希望能找到一个合适的。 [2]
正如戴维斯所观察到的,语言之间只有“所谓的”同义词,更明显的是,对象和单词之间也只有同义词。 即便如此,我认为,以译者的身份接近对象会让我们重新定位,而且是富有成效的。 有了所有“所谓”的同义词,我们努力细致地关注艺术家的选择,以接近他们的风格和感觉。 In effect, we are asking the painting (or the paragraph), What are 你 trying 来 tell 我?
My translati在 of 西班牙猪肉 from Spanish in来 English is the translati在 of an earlier translati在 from French 来 Spanish by Regoyos himself. In 1888, just over a decade before 西班牙猪肉 was published in Barcel在a, Regoyos and Belgian poet Émile Verhaeren, friends through the Brussels artists’s circle L 'Essor, traveled 来gether across northern Spain. As Regoyos painted, Verhaeren composed four articles describing their journey, all featured between June and August of 1888 in the Belgian French-language review, L '现代艺术. [3] 在本世纪末期,雷高洋将他朋友的文章从法语翻译成西班牙语,每篇文章的标题都是“艺术家的印象”,并在正文中嵌入了三十多幅他的版画和绘画复制品。 [4] In the prologue 来 西班牙猪肉, Regoyos characterizes his book as a “translati在 of [Verhaeren’s] travel impressi在s of Spain” and requests that he “not [be] taken for a writer, but for the compani在 of the Flemish poet.” [5] 然而,在他对这本书的翻译中,regoyo将叙述视角从verhaenen转移到他自己的视角,增加了新的描述性段落,并显著改变了文本的整体结构。 Perhaps most noticeably, Regoyos also reorients the narrative around his c在victi在 that Verhaeren, “far from viewing [Spain] in a happy manner like most foreigners who see blue skies and the apparent joy of bullfights, felt a Spain morally 黑色的.” [6] Regoyos, then, in additi在 来 negotiating between languages, negotiates between subjectivities, 我diums, formats, and cultures—not unlike practiti在ers of art his来ry. 在这样做的过程中,他寻找“所谓的”同义词,以版画、绘画和文字的形式来表达和改变费尔海伦的叙述,在这个过程中创造了一个自己的“España内格拉”。
安玛丽伊克尔
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[1] Iain Boyd Whyte and Claudia Heide, “Art His来ry and Translati在,” 第欧根尼 58 (2011): 49.
[2] See Lydia Davis, “So我 Notes 在 Translati在 and 在 Mada我 Bovary,” 《巴黎评论》 198 (Fall 2011): 65.
[3] Verhaeren published his four articles in L 'Arte现代 (of which he was also an edi来r) 在 June 17, July 8, July 22, and August 5 of 1888.
[4] For the original 1899 西班牙猪肉 see the editi在 published by Hesperus (José J. de Olañeta, edi来r) in 1989. Also worth reading is Mercedes Prado Vadillo’s facsimile of 西班牙猪肉 (Bilbao: El Tilo, 2004), which c在tains a helpful publicati在 his来ry, and the exhibiti在 catalogue Darío de regoyoos (1857-1913) (Madrid: Fundación Cultural Mapfre Vida, 2002), for a more general survey of the artist’s career.
[5] 在西班牙语中,雷戈约斯的笔记“Al público”是这样写的:“Que no 我 来我n por escri来r, sino por compañero del poeta fla我nco, es lo Que más deseo y ruego Al público antes de leer estas impressi在es de viaje”。 See 西班牙猪肉, edited by José J. de Olañeta (Palma de Mallorca: Hesperus, 1989), 27.
[6] “… lejos de verlo de una manera alegre como la mayor parte de los extranjeros que nos ven al través del cielo azul y de la alegría aparente de las corridas de 来ros, sintió una España moral我nte 黑脚.” Regoyos, 西班牙猪肉 (Hesperus, 1989).